Search results for "ADULT BRAIN"

showing 4 items of 4 documents

Chronic fluoxetine treatment alters the structure, connectivity and plasticity of cortical interneurons

2014

Novel hypotheses suggest that antidepressants, such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine, induce neuronal structural plasticity, resembling that of the juvenile brain, although the underlying mechanisms of this reopening of the critical periods still remain unclear. However, recent studies suggest that inhibitory networks play an important role in this structural plasticity induced by fluoxetine. For this reason we have analysed the effects of a chronic fluoxetine treatment in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of transgenic mice displaying eGFP labelled interneurons. We have found an increase in the expression of molecules related to critical period pla…

MalePERINEURONAL NET EXPRESSIONTime FactorsDendritic spinePSA-NCAMCritical period plasticityHippocampusCell CountADULT BRAIN PLASTICITYTREATMENT INCREASESHippocampusMice0302 clinical medicinePharmacology (medical)Prefrontal cortexCerebral Cortex0303 health sciencesNeuronal PlasticitybiologyGlutamate DecarboxylaseMEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEXPOLYSIALIC ACIDmusculoskeletal neural and ocular physiologyPerineuronal net3. Good healthPsychiatry and Mental healthParvalbuminsmedicine.anatomical_structureCerebral cortexCELL-ADHESION MOLECULEAntidepressive Agents Second-GenerationDendritic SpinesGreen Fluorescent ProteinseducationMice TransgenicNerve Tissue ProteinsNeural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1Inhibitory postsynaptic potentialRAT HIPPOCAMPUS03 medical and health sciencesmedicineAnimalsPSA-NCAM EXPRESSION030304 developmental biologyPharmacologyperineuronal netsinterneuronsCENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEMfluoxetine3112 NeurosciencesGene Expression Regulationnervous systemVesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1Sialic Acidsbiology.proteinNeural cell adhesion moleculeNerve NetNeuroscience030217 neurology & neurosurgeryParvalbuminThe International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
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Early Osmotherapy in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: An International Multicenter Study

2020

The optimal osmotic agent to treat intracranial hypertension in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains uncertain. We aimed to test whether the choice of mannitol or hypertonic saline (HTS) as early (first 96 h) osmotherapy in these patients might be associated with a difference in mortality. We retrospectively analyzed data from 2015 from 14 tertiary intensive care units (ICUs) in Australia, UK, and Europe treating severe TBI patients with intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and compared mortality in those who received mannitol only versus HTS only. We performed multi-variable analysis adjusting for site and illness severity (Injury Severity Score, extended IMPACT scor…

AdultMale030506 rehabilitationmedicine.medical_specialtyTraumatic brain injurymedicine.medical_treatmentosmotherapy03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineOsmotherapyInternal medicineIntensive careDECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMYBrain Injuries TraumaticHYPERTONIC SALINEmedicineMANAGEMENTHumansEQUIOSMOLARIntracranial pressureRetrospective StudiesSaline Solution Hypertonicbusiness.industryHead Traumatraumatic brain injuryHazard ratio3112 NeurosciencesmannitolMiddle Agedmedicine.disease3126 Surgery anesthesiology intensive care radiologyDiuretics Osmoticmortality3. Good healthHypertonic salineAdult Brain InjuryTreatment Outcome3121 General medicine internal medicine and other clinical medicineInjury Severity ScoreClinical Management of CNS InjuryDecompressive craniectomyFemaleNeurology (clinical)0305 other medical sciencebusinessCONSENSUS030217 neurology & neurosurgeryhypertonic saline
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A novel microglial subset plays a key role in myelinogenesis in developing brain.

2017

Microglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system that contribute to homeostasis and neuroinflammation. Although known to play an important role in brain development, their exact function has not been fully described. Here, we show that in contrast to healthy adult and inflammation-activated cells, neonatal microglia show a unique myelinogenic and neurogenic phenotype. A CD11c(+) microglial subset that predominates in primary myelinating areas of the developing brain expresses genes for neuronal and glial survival, migration, and differentiation. These cells are the major source of insulin-like growth factor 1, and its selective depletion from CD11c(+) microglia leads to impa…

0301 basic medicineAgingmedicine.medical_treatmentNews & ViewsInsulin-Like Growth Factor IMyelin SheathCell AggregationNeural PlateMicrogliaACTIVATED MICROGLIAGeneral NeuroscienceExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisNeurogenesisIGF1BrainGene Expression Regulation DevelopmentalADULT BRAINUp-RegulationALZHEIMERS-DISEASEmedicine.anatomical_structureEXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITISMyelinogenesisGROWTHFemaleMicrogliaCNSEncephalomyelitis Autoimmune ExperimentalNeurogenesisCentral nervous systemCD11cBiologyGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyDEPENDENT MANNER03 medical and health sciencesmedicinePOSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENTAnimalsMolecular BiologyNeuroinflammationGeneral Immunology and MicrobiologyCD11cGrowth factorGene Expression ProfilingCENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEMmedicine.diseaseGALECTIN-1CD11c AntigenMice Inbred C57BL030104 developmental biologynervous systemAnimals NewbornImmunologymyelinogenesisNeuroscienceBiomarkersThe EMBO journal
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Identification of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) mRNA-expressing cells in normal and injured rat brain

2009

Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR), isolated for the first time from bovine and human parathyroid, is a G-protein-coupled receptors that has been involved in diverse physiological functions. At present a complete in vivo work on the identification of CaSR mRNA-expressing cells in the adult brain lacks and this investigation was undertaken in order to acquire more information on cell type expressing CaSR mRNA in the rat brain and to analyse for the first time its expression in different experimental models of brain injury. The expression of CaSR mRNAs was found mainly in scattered cells throughout almost all the brain regions. A double labeling analysis showed a colocalization of CaSR mRNA expr…

Malemedicine.medical_specialtyTime FactorsCentral nervous systemHippocampusCell CountSettore BIO/11 - Biologia MolecolareBiologySettore BIO/09 - Fisiologiachemistry.chemical_compoundSeizuresInternal medicineSettore BIO/10 - BiochimicaCaSRmedicineAnimalsRNA MessengerRats WistarIbotenic AcidMolecular BiologyIn Situ HybridizationNeuronsKainic AcidGeneral NeuroscienceDentate gyrusBrainColocalizationImmunohistochemistryRatsOligodendrogliamedicine.anatomical_structureEndocrinologynervous systemchemistryBrain InjuriesNeurogliaNeurology (clinical)Pyramidal cellCaSR; BrainCalcium sensing receptor (CaSR) isolated for the first time from bovine and human parathyroid is a G-protein-coupled receptors that has been involved in diverse physiological functions. At present a complete in vivo work on the identification of CaSR mRNA-expressing cells in the adult brain lacks and this investigation was undertaken in order to acquire more information on cell type expressing CaSR mRNA in the rat brain and to analyse for the first time its expression in different experimental models of brain injury. The expression of CaSR mRNAs was found mainly in scattered cells throughout almost all the brain regions. A double labeling analysis showed a colocalization of CaSR mRNA expression in neurons and oligodendrocytes whereas it was not found expressed both in the microglia and in astrocytes. One week after kainate-induced seizure CaSR was found in the injured CA3 region of the hippocampus and very interestingly it was found up-regulated in the neurons of CA1-CA2 and dentate gyrus. Similarly 1 week following ibotenic acid injection in the hippocampus CaSR mRNA expression was increased in oligodendrocytes both in the lesioned area and in the contralateral CA1-CA3 pyramidal cell layers and dentate gyrus. One week after needle-induced mechanical lesion an increase of labeled cells expressing CaSR mRNA was observed along the needle track. In conclusion the present results contribute to extend available data on cell type-expressing CaSR in normal and injured brain and could spur to understand the role of CaSR in repairing processes of brain injury.Receptors Calcium-SensingIbotenic acidDevelopmental BiologyAstrocyte
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